In recent times, findings have raised alarm about the widespread presence of potentially toxic “forever chemicals” in drinking water across the UK.
A 2023 investigation by the Guardian and Watershed Investigations found that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were detected in England’s water sources. The chemicals were found in 17 out of 18 of the country’s water companies.
Found in many everyday products, these chemicals are linked to serious health concerns, prompting calls for stricter regulations and better monitoring.
Understanding PFAS and Their Risks
PFAS are a group of more than 10,000 synthetic chemicals known for their water- and stain-resistant properties. They are widely used in industries ranging from manufacturing non-stick cookware to firefighting foams.
Some types of PFAS, particularly PFOS and PFOA, have been linked to various health problems including certain types of cancers
These chemicals are notorious for their persistence in the environment, which is why they are often referred to as “forever chemicals.” They do not naturally degrade, accumulating over time in water, soil, and even the human body.
PFAS in UK Water Sources
The Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) reported that 11,853 water samples from across England tested positive for PFAS last year. Water companies often blend contaminated water with cleaner sources to reduce PFAS levels. However, experts worry that these substances are still entering the environment and food supply.
In particular, PFOS has been detected in raw water sources at concentrations 18 times above the recommended limit. This warns that the contamination may be more widespread than previously thought.
Despite efforts to dilute contaminated water, the real risk lies in the long-term exposure to these chemicals, which accumulate in the human body.
According to the BBC, the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) warns that medium-risk levels of PFAS in drinking water can harm health. The risks increase when these chemicals are consumed over long periods. The RSC is calling for stricter limits on PFAS levels, including a tenfold reduction in acceptable concentrations for individual PFAS types.
What is the role of the DWI?
The DWI monitors the quality of drinking water across the UK, conducts regular testing, and ensures that water companies comply with water safety regulations. The Inspectorate also investigates complaints related to water quality and advises the government on improvements to water safety standards.
Global Perspectives: The US Faces Similar Challenges
The issue of PFAS contamination is not isolated to the UK. Across the Atlantic, the United States is grappling with its own PFAS crisis, particularly in areas near military bases, airports, and industrial sites.
The widespread use of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) for firefighting at these locations has resulted in significant contamination of drinking water sources. As a result, TorHoerman Law notes that thousands of lawsuits have been filed by individuals claiming exposure to PFAS caused serious health issues. These include cancer and immune system dysfunction, often linked to AFFF.
According to the latest AFFF lawsuit update, as of November 2024, there were 10,934 cases filed in the MDL.
Like the UK, the U.S. has established advisory thresholds for PFAS in drinking water, but numerous experts argue that these guidelines are inadequate. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has suggested reducing the maximum permissible levels of PFAS in drinking water. Despite this, contamination persists across many areas, and the long-term health implications are still not fully known.
In the UK, the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) has implemented specific standards for two of the most prevalent PFAS compounds- PFOS and PFOA. However, there are still no limits for the thousands of other PFAS substances that may be present in water sources.
Who is eligible to file an AFFF lawsuit?
Individuals who have been exposed to AFFF may be eligible to file a lawsuit. This includes those who worked in industries such as firefighting, military personnel, airport workers, and people living near contaminated sites. People diagnosed with illnesses linked to PFAS exposure, such as cancer or thyroid disorders, may also be eligible.
The Environmental Impacts of PFAS
The environmental persistence of PFAS, often referred to as “forever chemicals,” presents a multifaceted threat to both human health and ecosystems. These chemicals, resistant to degradation, can seep into groundwater, rivers, and lakes, where they accumulate over time, posing a long-term risk to wildlife. As PFAS compounds enter the food chain, they affect fish and other aquatic life, which in turn impacts predators, including humans.
For example, fish in the River Wyre near Blackpool have been found to contain alarmingly high levels of PFAS. Some species have concentrations reaching up to 11,000ng/kg.
The scale of this contamination is still being explored. Experts like Professor Crispin Halsall of Lancaster University emphasize the urgent need for action. This includes mitigating the effects at contaminated sites and preventing the further spread of harmful substances in the environment and food supply.
Calls for Stricter Regulations
As the threat of PFAS contamination grows, experts and environmental groups are calling for stronger regulatory measures. The RSC has urged the UK government to implement more frequent testing for a broader range of PFAS chemicals. Many of the 10,000 substances in this group remain unregulated.
Additionally, the society advocates for stricter limits on PFAS concentrations in drinking water. They suggest adopting levels closer to those seen in the EU and countries like Denmark, which have much lower limits.
In the U.S., many experts also support stricter regulation of AFFF and other PFAS-containing products, alongside improved monitoring of drinking water. However, the issue remains contentious, with industries relying on PFAS opposing proposed bans. They argue that alternatives still need to be viable or economically feasible.
How do PFAS enter the human body?
PFAS can enter the body through contaminated drinking water, food, or by direct contact with products containing these chemicals. People living near contaminated sites or working in industries using PFAS, such as firefighting or military roles, may be at higher risk.
Overall, the problem of PFAS contamination in the UK and the U.S. highlights the need for more proactive measures to protect public health. Governments must prioritize monitoring water quality and regulating these harmful chemicals.
Meanwhile, the public and lawmakers must continue to push for stricter measures to address PFAS contamination. This is crucial to prevent further irreversible damage to human health and the environment.
While the issue is complex, the growing body of evidence and the increasing number of affected individuals demand that immediate action be taken. Just as in the U.S., where PFAS lawsuits are rising, the UK must protect its citizens from these harmful chemicals.
