The common goal of forensics and criminal justice is to solve crimes and bring the criminal to prosecution without error. Since humans are involved in this process, the possibility of error is always present.
According to the Innocence Project, an estimated 1% of prisoners are falsely accused of a crime. Other statistics indicate that the number of false convictions can be as high as 5-10%. To address this issue concerning, the implementation of AI in this procedure can significantly reduce errors. AI offers criminal investigators the opportunity to leverage technology in the pursuit of justice. With AI technology, investigators have access to powerful tools that can aid in the process.
#1 Processing Older DNA
AI technology is revolutionizing DNA processing in forensic investigations. Since the introduction of DNA evidence in 1986, solving crimes has never been more efficient. With advancements in AI, processing DNA has become faster and more accurate than ever before.
Direct-to-consumer genetic genealogy databases have proven highly effective in solving over 50 cold cases, including both missing persons and homicides. These databases are playing a crucial role in delivering justice. A notable example is the apprehension of the “Golden State Killer,” a notorious serial killer who evaded capture for decades. Thanks to these databases, authorities were able to connect this elusive individual to 12 cases, ultimately resulting in their resolution.
Algorithmic Risk Assessment Instruments (RAIs) have been proven effective at generating reliable and accurate results, according to multiple studies. By utilizing checklist-style RAIs that take into account factors like age and court attendance history, judges can enhance the consistency of their decision-making process.
#2 Video and photo analysis
Crime is a persistent issue, occurring frequently and presenting challenges for management due to overwhelming numbers. However, the recent implementation of AI presents a potential solution to tackle crime in real-time, even without the immediate presence of law enforcement.
In Malaysia, researchers are currently developing AI software specifically designed for CCTV cameras. The primary objective is to reduce street crimes within the country. This innovative software autonomously analyzes security camera footage and proficiently identifies criminal activities.
The software analyzes the following aspects in sequential order:
1. It detects the presence of a weapon in the footage.
2. It examines whether the individual in question is displaying aggressive behavior.
3. If a crime is suspected, the software alerts law enforcement.
Researchers are optimistic that this AI technology will assist the police in preventing and deterring crime by utilizing facial and gait recognition technology to identify criminals and assess aggressive conduct.
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#3 Controversies
The use of AI technology in the criminal justice system has ignited intense discussions due to its potential ethical and reliability issues. In China, the application of AI-powered facial recognition technology has been met with criticism for supposedly targeting the Uyghurs, a Muslim minority group. This discriminatory surveillance approach, differentiating it from Malaysia’s CCTV system, highlights the ethical challenges that come with embracing AI technology.
The COMPAS tool, a popular risk assessment tool, relies on a smart algorithm. But in 2009, a study found problems with its accuracy and biases, especially affecting African-American men and other marginalized ethnic groups. This shows how AI can introduce biases into decision-making. While some argue for the advantages of AI in crime and punishment, there are signs that human judgment still outperforms AI.
Conclusion
AI technology has revolutionized the field of criminal justice, empowering law enforcement agencies to significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their investigations. However, along with its undeniable benefits, AI also brings forth important ethical considerations surrounding accuracy, fairness, and privacy. As a result, it becomes imperative to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the pros and cons of integrating this technology into crime-fighting processes before implementation.
