A widespread outbreak of feline coronavirus in Cyprus, leading to the death of approximately 300,000 cats, has raised concerns about the potential spread of the fatal virus to other countries, including the United Kingdom. Experts warn that if the virus reaches the UK, it could have catastrophic consequences for the feline population.
The outbreak of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has affected both domestic and stray cats on the island since January, according to Dinos Ayiomamitis, the head of Cats PAWS Cyprus. The close ties between Cyprus and the UK, including expat travel and cat rehoming, heighten the risk of transmission.
FIP is caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV), a contagious virus that spreads through cat faeces. Most cats infected with FCoV do not exhibit symptoms, or they experience mild diarrhoea. However, in some cases, the virus mutates into FIP, a fatal condition. Cats living in close quarters, such as catteries and rescue centres, are more susceptible to infection. The virus can also be mechanically transmitted through grooming brushes, cat litter scoops, and even human contact.
The symptoms of FIP vary depending on the type of the virus. Wet FIP causes fluid accumulation in the abdomen or chest, resulting in swelling, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Dry FIP presents with a poor appetite, high temperature, and vision problems. The disease is more common in cats aged between three months and two years.
The FIP outbreak in Cyprus is particularly significant, with up to 40-50% of affected cats developing the disease, compared to the typical 1% reported in the general cat population. The crowded and stressful living conditions in Cyprus, coupled with a higher prevalence of the virus and susceptibility to mutation, contribute to the severity of the outbreak.
Experts emphasize the significant risk posed to UK cats due to the strong connections between Cyprus and the UK, including British ex-pats travelling back and forth. The importation of cats from affected regions increases the likelihood of virus transmission. To mitigate the risk, strict screening measures are recommended for cats leaving Cyprus and nearby affected countries. Blood tests for FCoV antibodies should be conducted, and cats exhibiting symptoms should not be allowed to travel.
It is important to note that feline coronavirus cannot be transmitted to humans, and therefore, humans cannot develop FIP.
Treatment options for FIP have historically been limited, resulting in euthanasia for most affected cats. However, recent developments have introduced expensive treatment options such as remdesivir injections and the oral tablet GS-441524, both of which have shown promise in managing the disease. These treatments are currently available in the UK but not in Cyprus.
The outbreak in Cyprus serves as a wake-up call for cat owners and veterinarians in the UK to remain vigilant and take necessary precautions to prevent the potential spread of FIP. The well-being and health of feline companions are paramount, and measures should be implemented to minimize the risk of transmission and provide timely treatment when needed.
