Warning Over Chemical Exposure in Pregnancy
A new study from Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) has revealed a worrying link between prenatal exposure to ethylene oxide (EO) and adverse effects on babies’ development. Published in Epidemiology, the research shows that higher EO exposure during pregnancy results in lower birth weight and smaller head size in newborns.
What Is Ethylene Oxide and Where Is It Found?
Ethylene oxide is a chemical widely used in industry and hospitals, notably in sterilisation processes. It’s also present in air pollution from household cleaning products and personal care items. Smoking is another major source of human exposure. Healthcare and chemical workers face higher risks due to workplace exposure.
EO is known for its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Previous research has linked prenatal EO exposure to miscarriages and premature births.
New Study Looks at Everyday Exposure
Unlike earlier research targeting heavily exposed groups, this study examined over 1,100 pregnant women and their babies from the general population across five countries: the UK, Spain, Greece, Norway, and Denmark. Scientists analysed EO hemoglobin adducts—a marker of EO exposure—in babies’ cord blood, revealing the extent of exposure in the final trimester.
Key Findings Strengthen Health Fears
- Babies of smoking mothers had significantly higher EO markers than those of non-smokers.
- Every 10 pmol/g rise in EO hemoglobin adducts corresponded to a 3.3-gram drop in average birth weight.
- Higher EO exposure was also linked to smaller head circumference—a red flag for delayed brain development.
Barbara Harding, lead researcher at ISGlobal, warned: “Reduced head circumference has been associated with neurodevelopmental delays. Lower birth weight raises the risk of cardiovascular problems, diabetes, and osteoporosis later in life.”
No Link Found With Small for Gestational Age
Interestingly, the study found no direct connection between EO exposure and babies being small for their gestational age, which also affects infant health.
Calls for Urgent Action on EO Exposure
The findings highlight the urgent need to cut EO exposure for pregnant women, both at work and from everyday products. Manolis Kogevinas, senior author of the study, urged policymakers to take action: “Reducing EO exposure could significantly protect unborn babies and improve long-term health outcomes.”
